Differences between Socialism and Communism.
From our series Political Spectrum.
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Socialism |
Communism |
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It is socialism taken to an absolute extreme. |
It stresses the importance of society as a whole and a strong government as an absolutely necessary tool to create a just society. |
It believes that a just society can only be achieved if the government is in control of everything. |
Major means of production must be under social control and owned publically or collectively. |
Everything in society should be owned publically through collectivization of ownership, production, self-government and even communal living. |
Governments should have control of the main means of production to guarantee the general welfare of society. |
Governments must have absolute control over everything since it is the only way to guarantee the general welfare of society. |
Is concerned with promoting equality among people (for example health care, housing and education) through the use of government control of the main means of production. |
It is concerned with delivering equality among people through the total and complete government ownership of everything. |
Political power must be exercised by the whole community to prevent private enterprises from avoiding the promotion of equality because such enterprises are selfish. |
Absolute political power over everything must be exercised by collective self-government to avoid the exploitation and alienation of the workers by the base (or capitalists). |
Typically operates within a democratic, conservative or liberal political system. |
Typically rejects any coexistence or cooperation with any other political system; oftentimes making use of force or violence to achieve its goals. |
Exercises power over citizens through laws within democratic systems. Allows for a large degree of political dissent as long as their goal of control over the main means of production is maintained. |
Exercises power over citizens through the widespread use of political persecution, censorship, force and the intolerance of other points of view. |
Tries to only restrict personal freedoms when its goals of promoting equality are at risk. |
Restricts personal freedoms at all times. |
Tries to convince citizens of the benefits of socialism within democratic systems. |
Tries to bring about the collectivization of self-government even against the wishes of their own citizens. |
Does not speak in terms of class struggles (base against superstructure) but in terms of inequalities. |
Speaks in terms of class struggle (base against superstructure), this is, the exploitation of the "proletariat" by the "capitalist proprietors". |
It believes that inequality originates in the selfishness or private enterprise owners. |
It believes that inequality originates in the unjustness of the base (those with capital) exploiting and controlling the superstructure (the political, legal, cultural and social organizations of the people). |
It believes that to achieve equality, it is sufficient to control the main means of production. |
It believes that equality can only be achieved if everything belongs to the state because capitalism contradicts itself since it is unable to provide or fulfill people's expectations. |
It believes that inequality is a problem that needs solving. |
It believes that inequality due to the existence of classes creates alienation in people. This is the feeling or belief that people are separated from reality or are strangers to reality. |